Research Brief: Early Literacy Instruction

This State of the Field brief synthesizes research on early literacy instruction to create a shared understanding of how children develop literacy across the preschool through Grade 3 (PK–3) continuum.

It offers a developmentally informed, child-centered approach as the organizing framework for early literacy instruction across PK-3— integrating explicit instruction in foundational skills, language-rich interaction, and meaningful learning experiences such as play, inquiry, and writing— to provide a more connected understanding of how early literacy develops and how instruction can better reflect how children learn. Organized around five core tenets, the brief offers actionable recommendations for state and local leaders, educators, and families to strengthen alignment, support effective instruction, and expand access to high-quality literacy experiences that advance student learning.